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MAPRO: Sliding vane rotary compressors (AIR/GAS)
Operating principle:
A cylindrical rotor turns eccentrically in a cylindrical stator of a larger diameter: the free space left between stator and rotor is half-moon shaped. Some slots are milled in the rotor and stratified plastic blades slide freely into the slots. The blades, as the rotor turns, are forced out against the cylindrical wall of the stator by centrifugal force, so creating individual cells whose volume reduces from a maximum to a minimum during the rotation. The suction takes place through ports in the stator in the area of increasing volumes; the discharge through ports in the area of decreasing volumes.
Construction features in conformity with the 2014/34/EU Directive (ATEX):
The MAPRO® sliding vane rotary compressors destined to air compression are machines with the following features:
- casing (stator and heads) in cast iron, rotor in carbon steel, blades in light stratified spark-free material.
- sealing between stator, heads and covers by gaskets and/or O-rings.
- simple or double mechanical seal, depending on the operating discharge pressure; for the double mechanical seal, the compressor-own oil lubricating system is used as a barrier fluid.
Bearings, slats, mechanical seal, are components that require lubrication during compressor operation. The oil used for this purpose forms a thin film, continuously renewed, on the inner parts of the machine body, which tends to incorporate any tiny impurities present in the air sucked in, thus also carrying out an internal cleaning action of the compression chamber.
The compressor body in itself could be air-cooled with ambient air that is blown by an axial fan, fitted on the flexible coupling between machine and motor, around the finned cylinder and heads to provide cooling. The air is forced between the outer finned surface of the stator and an air conveying guard surrounding the compressor itself. In water-cooled compressors, an integral water jacket surrounds the cylinder and heads. Heat transfers through the metal to the water more effectively than through metal to air. Thus, water-cooled compressors reduce the internal temperature of the compressed gas more efficiently than air-cooled units. They can therefore compress the gas to a higher pressure than air-cooled units. Moreover the water-cooled compressors are capable of handling flow rates that cover a well larger range than the air- cooled compressors.
Unchangeable and high efficiency:
MAPRO® rotary vane compressors are positive-displacement machines. That is, the compression takes place for progressive reduction, inside the machine body, during rotation, of the gas “volume” mechanically displaced from the suction to the discharge port. The discharge port is opened, on the internal cylindrical surface of the stator, at a height depending on the foreseen discharge pressure, so that only the power needed for the actual “compression” of the gas is used. It follows that the adiabatic compression efficiency is always high, and, in general, between the 70% and the 80% if referred to the compressor displacement.
Simple and economic maintenance
The small number of parts in motion simplifies the compressor disassembly and reassembly, so making these operations well less expensive than compared to other types of positive displacement machines. A specially provided control rod allows a quick evaluation, at fixed time intervals, of the blades wear, without disassembling, even partially, the machine body. It is therefore possible to plan the blades replacement largely in advance, according to the working planning of the plant or to the maintenance needs of other equipment, so simplifying the plant operation and improving its efficiency and economy.
Gas flow without pulsation
The gas flow is continuous (no pulsation) both at the suction and at the discharge, and so there is no need to install storage tanks or gas dampers. MAPRO® rotary vane compressors are compact machines on which the light unbalance, due to the different radial position of the blades with respect to the axis of rotation, does not cause any significant vibration throughout the running operation. Therefore no special foundations are required. The rotary vane compressors are, in principle, less noisy than other types of compressors. Anyway, when required, they can be supplied complete with acoustic enclosures.
The most common fields of application
- Biogas recirculation into anaerobic digesters for sludge mixing.
- Extraction of biogas from gasometer or landfill and delivery to storage systems or gas engine supply.
- Extraction of natural gas from pipeline or gasometer, and delivery to storage systems or gas engine supply.
Typical supply components
To prevent dust or other impurities from entering the machine, and in any case as a protection against accidental suction of any solid body, it must always be mounted, at the suction of the compressor, a filter of a large size for the expected flow rate and with design characteristics appropriate to the ambient environment and the particle size of potentially present dust or impurities.
During compression, the air heat up considerably. In the case where, depending on the use, the air has to be cooled, it is installed at the delivery of the compressor a tube beam cooler, with a large exchange surface and minimum loss of load, suitable to reduce the compressed air temperature to even just a few degrees above the available water temperature.
A cyclone separator is normally installed downstream of the cooler to collect condensed water vapour and lubrication oil traces aggregated in the condensate.
In order to improve the de-oiling process, which has already partially occurred in the cyclone separator, it is possible to install a high-efficiency candle de-oiler downstream of the latter, which reduces the oil residues in the compressed air to a few ppm.
The diagrams below illustrate the typical compositions of supply now described.
It should be also added that frequently the use does not need continuously all the air supplied by the compressor which, consequently, should occasionally stop. When stops can be frequent, it may be necessary to install, at the suction, an appropriate electropneumatic adjusting device, controlled by a pressure switch, which allows the compressor to operate continuously even without compressing the treated fluid.
To reduce the compressors absorbed power when the gas engine demand is reduced, compressors equipped with motors intended for control via frequency inverter can be supplied. In general, the compressor admissible variation in the speed of rotation (and therefore in capacity) is between the 100% and about the 65% of the rated speed.
For operation with lower flow rates, various solutions are possible depending on the type of variability required. For example, an appropriate pressure relief valve can be installed along a “by-pass” pipe which connects the flow line with the suction line.Or the combined use of inverter and “by-pass” valve or inverter and electropneumatic control device can be foreseen.
Custom-made increasingly elaborated Packages can be supplied and can include:
- automatic condensate drain systems.
- pneumatically operated or motorized valves for the unloaded compressor starting.
- closed circuit cooling systems for the cooling water, complete with water pump, surge tank, air-water heat exchanger and all related control and safety devices.
- local control panels. Moreover, all necessary remote power and control cubicle switchboards, including relevant PLC, may be supplied.
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